This time I will reflect on the Designing A Lesson Plan with TPCK integration. I divide my reflection into three parts, the process of designing a lesson plan, working with TPACK and how to stimulate the teacher to integrate technology in education.
The process of designing a lesson plan
Since I became a teacher, I usually use a lesson plan created by others. It seems easy as the format is already available and I only fill it based on the subject I am going to teach. In the Pedagogy for Flexible Learning Supported by Technology course, I worked in a group to design a lesson plan with TPACK integration. This is a new thing for me. I realize that to come to the last result of the lesson plan, actually, there are many phases to go through.
The first phase I recognize in designing a lesson plan was analyzing the context and the content. In analyzing the context, i analyzed the curriculum like grading system, school infrastructure like the availability of computer and internet, and student and teacher‘s capabilities regarding to the use of technology. In my opinion, this information is very important for an educational designer before s/he starts designing a lesson plan.
The next phase, I recognize was how to get all that information. All this information about the school is easily to get as two of my friends are from the country we chose as our context. i realized before started designing a lesson plan with TPACK integration i should know the teacher’s TPACK knowledge. In the group, then, we prepared a questionnaire adapted from Punya and Mishra to measure teacher’s TPACK.
The next phase was designing a lesson plan. In designing a lesson plan, we used the design model suggested by Dick and Carey but we tried to modify it. Our modification model more emphasizes on the students and teacher prior knowledge of technology. Why technology is important for the teachers? Because i assume that the teachers have already sufficient knowledge about the pedagogy and content. So finally we chose Encarta as our technology.
After that we prepared a series of lesson with TPACK integration to teach the earthquake. Since the earthquake is a broad topic therefore we divided it into several lesson plans for several meetings. Out of the series of the lesson plan, we picked one lesson plan and explained in detail as the exemplary lesson plan. This includes subject, class/semester, time allocation, topic, objective, lesson materials, method, media, and teacher and student activity. The detail activities together with time allocation presented in this exemplary lesson plan will guide the teacher in the before, during and after teaching process. We expect that this exemplary lesson plan will assist the teacher if they would like to make another lesson plan for another meeting.
The last phase I recognize in our designing lesson plan process was making evaluation instrument for the implementation of the lesson plan with TPACK integration in the class. We used a rubric form to evaluate CK, PK, TK, PCK, TPK, TCK and TPACK of the teacher.
Working with TPACK
In my opinion designing a lesson plan with TPACK integration is quite similar with designing a regular lesson plan. What makes them different is there is an integration of technology. Yet, there are additional considerations before we design it. For our case, in Ethiopia, we firstly consider the context especially the availability of the technology and the teacher knowledge about technology. We assume that the teacher there already have sufficient knowledge pedagogy and content. So, by firstly knowing the technology aspect there, we then chose the pedagogy and content. We finally chose Encarta as our technology, lecture and collaborative learning as our pedagogy and Earthquake as our content. Next consideration is we should make sure that the teachers have enough knowledge about combining the aspects between PCK, TPK, TCK and TPACK. This can be a case that a teacher have enough knowledge about technology but does not know to integrate that technology in his pedagogy or the teacher who knows the content well but does have enough knowledge to support his content.
In my opinion to solve this problem, we should provide the teacher with the teacher professional development. In this professional development, teachers will learn how to use the technology in teaching, experience teaching with technology in the first hand, and reflect on that process. Moreover, the teacher should be provided with the exemplary lesson plan so they have a picture how to prepare a lesson plan with TPACK integration
My ideas how to stimulate teachers to integrate technology in education are
1. There should be a document policy about regarding with the ICT integration in the school.
2. There should be supports from the school principle and management. This means a school management should give more time to teacher to learn about technology by reducing the teaching time.
3. There should be enough technological infrastructures and an ICT coordinator who knows how to use the technology and how to integrate the technology in the teaching. So, the teacher can ask for the assistance of the ICT coordinator regarding those aspects anytime they need.
4. There should be a teaching professional development regarding TPACK for the teacher. In this professional development. The teachers should feel the benefits of using technology in education. The teachers should be assured that there is nothing wrong with the teaching method they are using now (no technology integration) and convinced that by using technology their teaching activity will be easier and more appealing to the students.
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